How web works?

What is Internet?

The Internet is essentially a global network of computing resources. You can think about the Internet as a physical collection of routers and circuits as a set of shared resources or even as an attitude about interconnecting and intercommunication. Some common definitions given in the past include:
• A network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol.
• A community of people who use and develop those networks.
When you enter something like http://www.google.com, the request goes to one of many special computers on the Internet known as Domain Name Servers (DNS).
What is DNS ?

DNS stands for Domain Name System. When someone types in your domain name, for example:- www.example.com, your browser will ask the Domain Name System to find the IP that hosts your site. When you register your domain name, your IP address should be put in a DNS along with your domain name. Without doing it your domain name will not be functioning properly.
All these requests are routed through various routers and switches. The domain name servers keep tables of machine names and their IP addresses, so when you type in http://www.google.com, it gets translated into a number, which identifies the computers that serve the Google Web site to you.
When you want to view any page on the web, you must initiate the activity by requesting a page using your browser. The browser asks a domain name server to translate the domain name you requested into an IP address. The browser then sends a request to that server for the page you want, using a standard called Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP.
The server should constantly be connected to the Internet. That is it should be ready to serve pages to visitors. When it receives a request, it looks for the requested document and returns it to the Web browser. When a request is made, the server usually logs the client's IP address, the document requested, and the date and time it was requested. This information varies server to server.

What is URL?

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify addresses on the World Wide Web. A URL is the fundamental network identification for any resource connected to the web (e.g., hypertext pages, images, and sound files).
A URL will have the following format:
protocol://hostname/other_information
The protocol specifies how information from the link is transferred. The protocol used for web resources is HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
The protocol is followed by a colon, two slashes, and then the domain name. The domain name is the computer on which the resource is located.
The protocol specifies how information from the link is transferred. The protocol used for web resources is HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

What is WWW?
This stands for World Wide Web. A technical definition of the World Wide Web is : all the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human knowledge.
An average Web page actually requires the Web browser to request more than one file from the Web server and not just the HTML / XHTML page, but also any images, style sheets, and other resources used in the web page. Each of these files including the main page needs a URL to identify each item. Then each item is sent by the Web server to the Web browser and Web browser collects all this information and displays them in the form of Web page.

On the simplest level, the Web physically consists of following components:
•Your personal computer: -This is the PC at which you sit to see the web.
•A Web browser: - Software installed on your PC which helps you to browse the Web.
•An internet connection: - This is provided by an ISP and connects you to the internet to reach to any Web site.
•A Web server: - This is the computer on which a web site is hosted.
•Routers & Switches: - They are the combination of software and hardware that take your request and pass to appropriate Web server.
The Web is known as a client-server system. Your computer is the client and the remote computers that store electronic files are the servers.